ABSTRACT
Objective@#To retrospectively analyze the distribution of non-fermentative bacteria causing bloodstream infection in hospitalized patients in Sichuan Province and their drug susceptibility to common antibiotics for better understanding their epidemiological characteristics.@*Methods@#From January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2017, all of the non-fermentative bacteria isolated from patients with bloodstream infection in nine hospitals in Sichuan Province were collected. Species distribution and drug resistance test results were retrospectively analyzed.@*Results@#A total of 6 291 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated, including 3 674 strains of gram-negative bacteria (58.4%) and 2 617 strains of gram-positive bacteria (41.6%). The gram-positive bacteria were 1 895 strains of Staphylococcus (30.1%), 372 strains of Streptococcus (5.9%), 317 strains of Enterococcus (5.1%) and 33 strains of other gram-positive bacteria (0.5%). The gram-negative bacteria were 3 191 Enterobacteriaceae strains (50.7%), 389 non-fermentative strains (6.2%) and 94 other gram-negative strains (1.5%). The isolated non-fermentative bacteria were mainly Pseudomonas aeruginosa (136 strains, 35.0%), Acinetobacter baumannii (126 strains, 32.0%) and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (33 strains, 8.5%). There were 167 (42.9%), 112 (28.8%) and 82 (21.1%) non-fermentative bacteria isolated in internal medicine departments, ICUs and surgery departments, respectively. The drug resistance rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to cefepime, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin were 16.5%, 10.7% and 9.9%, respectively. Carbapenems-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CR-PA) accounted for 13.6%. No polymyxin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found. The resistance rates of Acinetobacter baumannii to all antibiotics were over 30% except for minocycline and polymyxin and 75.7% of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CR-AB) were isolated. The drug resistance rates to levofloxacin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and ceftazidime were 0%, 0% and 37.0% in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates and 10.5%, 4.2% and 19% in Burkholderia cepacia isolates, respectively.@*Conclusions@#Non-fermentative bacteria causing 6.2% of bloodstream infection in Sichuan, mainly by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii. There were significant differences in the isolation rate of non-fermentative bacteria in different departments and most of the strains were isolated in internal medicine departments. The detection rate of Acinetobacter baumannii with multiple drug resistance was high, while other non-fermentative bacteria had good sensitivity to antibiotics.
ABSTRACT
Objective To retrospectively analyze the distribution of non-fermentative bacteria cau-sing bloodstream infection in hospitalized patients in Sichuan Province and their drug susceptibility to com-mon antibiotics for better understanding their epidemiological characteristics. Methods From January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2017, all of the non-fermentative bacteria isolated from patients with bloodstream in-fection in nine hospitals in Sichuan Province were collected. Species distribution and drug resistance test re-sults were retrospectively analyzed. Results A total of 6291 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated, including 3674 strains of gram-negative bacteria ( 58. 4％) and 2617 strains of gram-positive bacteria (41. 6％). The gram-positive bacteria were 1895 strains of Staphylococcus (30. 1％), 372 strains of Strep-tococcus (5. 9％), 317 strains of Enterococcus (5. 1％) and 33 strains of other gram-positive bacteria (0. 5％). The gram-negative bacteria were 3191 Enterobacteriaceae strains (50. 7％), 389 non-fermenta-tive strains (6. 2％) and 94 other gram-negative strains (1. 5％). The isolated non-fermentative bacteria were mainly Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( 136 strains, 35. 0％), Acinetobacter baumannii ( 126 strains, 32. 0％) and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia ( 33 strains, 8. 5％). There were 167 ( 42. 9％), 112 (28. 8％) and 82 (21. 1％) non-fermentative bacteria isolated in internal medicine departments, ICUs and surgery departments, respectively. The drug resistance rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to cefepime, cipro-floxacin and gentamicin were 16. 5％, 10. 7％ and 9. 9％, respectively. Carbapenems-resistant Pseudo-monas aeruginosa ( CR-PA) accounted for 13. 6％. No polymyxin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found. The resistance rates of Acinetobacter baumannii to all antibiotics were over 30％ except for minocy-cline and polymyxin and 75. 7％ of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii ( CR-AB) were isolated. The drug resistance rates to levofloxacin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and ceftazidime were 0％, 0％ and 37. 0％ in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates and 10. 5％, 4. 2％ and 19％ in Burkholderia cepacia iso-lates, respectively. Conclusions Non-fermentative bacteria causing 6. 2％ of bloodstream infection in Si-chuan, mainly by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii. There were significant differences in the isolation rate of non-fermentative bacteria in different departments and most of the strains were isolated in internal medicine departments. The detection rate of Acinetobacter baumannii with multiple drug resistance was high, while other non-fermentative bacteria had good sensitivity to antibiotics.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the significance of Hp antigen combined with serum total sialic acid and gastric mucosal Survivin detection in the diagnosis of gastric adenocarcinoma.Methods Selected a hospital 90cases of patients with gastric adenocarcinoma (malignant group) and 90cases of the digestive system benign disease (benign disease group) and hospital check-up of 60cases of healthy people (healthy control group) as the research object.Comparing the three groups of patients with Hp antigen, serum total sialic acid positive detection rate and the positive rate of Survivin in the gastric mucosa, and to assess individual detection of Hp antigen, serum total sialic acid and the two combined diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of gastric adenocarcinomas.Results Hp antigen, serum total sialic acid positive test results showed that the malignant tumor group were significantly higher than that of benign disease group and healthy control group, benign disease group obviously higher than that of healthy control group, difference between three groups of participants were statistically significant (P<0.05) .The sensitivity of Hp antigen and serum total sialic acid combined in the diagnosis of digestive system was 80.1％, which was significantly higher than that of single test, but the specificity was reduced.Linear correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between Hp antigen and serum total sialic acid and Survivin detection in gastric mucosa, and the correlation was high (r=0.94, P<0.05) .Conclusion The combined detection of Hp antigen and total serum sialic acid is positively correlated with the results of Survivin detection in gastric mucosa, and has a high correlation.It can replace Survivin detection in gastric mucosa as a sensitive index for the diagnosis of gastric adenocarcinoma.